Country codes: Australia (AUS) Austria (AUT) Brazil (BRA) Canada (CAN) Germany (DEU) India (IND) Japan (JPN) North Macedonia (MKD) Republic of Korea (KOR) Saudi Arabia (SAU) Slovakia (SVK) Spain (ESP) Switzerland (CHE) Turkey (TUR) United Arab Emirates (ARE) United Kingdom (GBR) United States of America (USA). Note that 95% confidence intervals are indistinguishable from point estimates due to the size of the data set. Total cholesterol is shown in A, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in B, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in C, and triglycerides in D. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.Īge-adjusted mean lipid levels in females, by country and World Health Organization region. Despite variability, elevated atherogenic lipid levels are a common global problem, and these results can help inform national policies and health system approaches to mitigate lipid-mediated risk of cardiovascular disease.Ĭardiovascular disease Cholesterol Global health Hyperlipidemia Lipids. ![]() With nearly a half billion lipid results, this study sheds light on the worldwide variability in lipid levels, which may reflect inter-country differences in genetics, lipid testing, lifestyle habits, and pharmacologic treatment. LDL-C levels <1.55 mmol/L (<60 mg/dL) were most common among females in Canada (10.7%) and males in the UK (17.3%). In addition to mean levels, the World Health Organization total cholesterol risk target (4.91 mmol/L (>190 mg/dL) for both females (9.9%) and males (8.7%). This cross-sectional study assessed aggregated lipid results from patients aged 20-89 years, tested at GDN laboratories, from 2018 through 2020. This first collaborative report of the Global Diagnostics Network (GDN) evaluated lipid distributions from nine laboratory organizations providing clinical laboratory testing in 17 countries on five continents. Lipids are central in the development of cardiovascular disease, and the present study aimed to characterize variation in lipid profiles across different countries to improve understanding of cardiovascular risk and opportunities for risk-reducing interventions. 17 SYNLAB, Freiburg Medical Laboratory, UAE.12 SYNLAB, Southwest Pathology Service, London, UK.10 LifeLabs Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.9 McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. ![]() 8 Strand Life Sciences, Bengaluru, India.7 Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.5 Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.4 Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ![]() 3 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.2 Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, NJ, USA.Wolfe St, Carnegie 591, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. 1 Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N.
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